Downloads / China

The drivers for China’s wind energy technology innovation system

Mr Rui  Hu, Imperial College London, United Kingdom  Prof Jim Skea, Imperial College London,United Kingdom  Dr Matthew Hannon, Imperial College London, United Kingdom China is a latecomer in wind energy, but it has been a quick learner and innovator. Wind power has surpassed nuclear and become China’s third largest source for electricity generation, only after coal and hydro. China now represents largest user of wind power, accounting for over 30% of global wind power capacity. Chinese wind turbine manufacturers are transforming from a technology importer to an innovator, and are closing innovation gaps to leading countries in researching, developing and manufacturing. But what has driven China’s rapid growth in wind technology innovation? And what successful lessons can be drawn from China for other interested countries?   When Freeman (1987) was seeking the causes for Japan’s rise as a major technological power over the post era of WWII, he found that Japan’s success owed to a combination of technological, social and institutional innovation. We observed that the structure of China’s S&T system, the country’s innovation strategies and policies over the past decade are quite Read more…

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BIEE-2016_Hu_The_Drivers_for_Chinas_Wind_Energy_Innovation_System.pdf 1.37 MBHu-The-drivers-for-Chinas-wind-energy-technology-innovation-system.pdf 926.95 KB
21st
Sep
2016

World Energy Outlook – A Glimpse into the Future of Energy

Dr. Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency Provides an overview and insights into the 2010 WEO. It is suggested that recently announced policies can make a difference, but fall well short of what is needed for a secure and sustainable energy future. In respect to oil, growing demand for mobility in emerging economies is driving up use, production is shifting away from crude and oil will come from fewer producers; the view is that the age of cheap oil is over, though policy action could bring lower international prices than would otherwise be the case. Gas is seen as playing a key role in meeting the world’s energy needs and it is asked whether we may be entering a golden age for gas. It is also recognised that the stronger penetration of natural gas could have profound implications for energy markets and the environment. Although renewables are entering the mainstream, long-term support is needed to boost their competitiveness. Detailed information is provided on climate change and emission reductions, with a recognition that a lack of ambition in Copenhagen/Cancun has increased the Read more…

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World Energy Outlook A glimpse into the future of energy.pdf 539.08 KB
17th
Feb
2011

Where Next for US Policy on CO2 and Climate Issues?

David Robinson, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies and The Brattle Group Provides an overview of recent changes to US policy on climate change. This is discussed in respect to the climate change “alliance” that exists between the EU and US. The contents, process and compromises made in trying to pass recent US climate legislation are set out, with a view that the prospects for any climate change legislation are now dim, with even a risk of pull back at a state level, such as within California. The implications for inaction both within the US and globally are discussed. In respect to coal-based power, proposals from the EPA may result in a bipartisan deal, although this will require support from the coal-based states, so a deal with the power sector will be key. If this fails it is highlighted that the US will have no legislation for two plus years and that this will hurt US green tech, trade and UNFCCC negotiations. As such it is suggested that the EU should rethink its alliances and consider closer relations with China.

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Where next for US policy on CO2 and Climate Issues 2010.pdf 142.65 KB
18th
Oct
2010

The Institutional Framework for China’s Energy Transition

Professor Philip Andrews-Speed, University of Dundee How China manages its transition to a low carbon economy though the reform of its energy sector is of critical importance the whole world. Through an examination of the institutions of energy governance in China, this paper identifies a number of key features which are likely to determine the future evolution of its energy sector. At one level are the embedded institutions which have their roots in more than four thousand years of history and derive from the country’s origin as an hydraulic agrarian regime. These include the preference for conformity, the importance of  personal relationships, and attitudes towards truth.  The way that natural resources are governed is also coloured by traditional views on the relationship between man and nature, on self-reliance, and on the role of the state. At another level, analysis of the current institutional environment shows how the formal structures government, the Communist Party and the legal system operate in the context of these deeply rooted values to determine policy making and implementation in the energy sector. As a consequence, China’s Read more…

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The Institutional Framework for China’s Energy Transition - Paper.pdf 84.82 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run

Katharina Gruenberg, Shell Research Ltd In a rapidly changing world the demand for energy seems ever increasing. Good insight into future energy demand levels of now developing countries is usually obtained from the countries that have already climbed up the so-called energy ladder based on economic drivers. Commonly acknowledged, the energy economies of the countries will vary further by geographic and demographic variables: indisputably, India, being warmer and more dispersed, will exhibit a different domestic heating and transport patterns of energy consumption than the ‘average OECD country’. The question is: How different? What will the patterns of the developing countries look like in the future and what is the impact at the world level? And what is the time frame we are talking about? Shell is known for its interest in long-term future energy consumption, through work such as “Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050” published in 2008. This presentation will show the results of further incorporating important country-specific characteristics into our long-term outlooks for energy.

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Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run - Presentation.pdf 136.46 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Leading the way in Asia, Africa and the Middle East

Yulanda Chung, Standard Chartered Bank Sustainability and energy are important considerations in the SCB’s financing decisions, which are more widely governed by the Equator Principles. The procedures used are based on the lending process and E&S risk management across: preliminary screening; due diligence; approval; and monitoring (with country and governance risk overlays). In respect to climate risk assessment, SCB consider how geographies, financial products and sectors intersect, assessing: regulatory risks; reputational risks (to bank and client) and physical risk. These enable a matrix based assessment to be used in respect to climate change risk, across these four areas, on a five year, ten year and greater than 15 year timescale – using a low, medium and high risk analysis. Examples and descriptions are provided for three examples within China: real estate; power generation; and the auto industry.  This allows financing decisions to consider climate change risk and energy intensity within individual investments and across SCB’s portfolios.

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Leading the way in Asia, Africa and the Middle East - Presentation.pdf 1.31 MB
23rd
Sep
2010

What can we learn from the BRIC countries?

Jim Watson, SPRU University of Sussex Global trends from IEA show that: energy demand could increase by 40% by 2030; fossil fuel use will continue to be dominant; CO2 emissions will continue to rise; and fossil fuel prices will continue to increase (all based on a BAU scenario). Many of the key drivers to these changes are a result of increased demand within Asia, the Middle East and from other non-OECD countries. Data on China shows a rapidly rising demand for energy, with associated rising emissions, although energy intensity is falling and access to electricity is increasing. Their policy approach includes targets to reduce energy intensity, increase the use of renewables and nuclear power, and provide stimulus funds for cleaner technologies and energy efficiency. In respect to industrial policy, for wind, China and India are developing approaches to catch up through industrial development and technology adoption, using integrated approaches to policy and regulation, R&D support and the use of national and global learning networks. Similar approaches are also being used to support Korean steel. In terms of learning from these Read more…

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What can we learn from the BRIC countries? - Presentation.pdf 602.33 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

International Energy Security; Governments And Markets

International energy security, governments and markets: Lord Howell An overview of the role of Government, particularly the FCO, in increasing the UK’s energy security through a greater focus on international energy security is provided. The UK needs to ensure secure and affordable supplies in a global marketplace, meaning national aims have to align with a changing global picture. The context of global energy is discussed in respect to: global increases in demand; complex and uncertain geo-political trends; the need to act on climate change; changing market dynamics; a growing need for engagement with China and other emerging Asian economies; the growing difficultly in extracting existing and untapped resources; the need to develop sustainable energy technologies; and attract investment. A summary of what is happening within the UK to improve energy security is also discussed, including: the need to address security of supply and security of demand to reduce price volatility and its impacts; creating the right environment for investment in energy infrastructure and technologies; increasing the use of renewables, nuclear and CCS; increasing energy efficiency; creating open and transparent markets; Read more…

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International Energy Security; Governments And Markets - Presentation.pdf 70.33 KB
22nd
Sep
2010

World Energy Outlook Post Copenhagen IEA

Dr. Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency An overview of the 2010 WEO Reference Scenario to 2030 is provided, discussing: changes in primary energy demand; upstream oil and gas capital expenditures; oil production, issues and prices; and natural gas supply, transportation, prices and market trends. The 450 Scenario is also described in respect to how demand by fuel type needs to change and the abatement of CO2 emissions; along with some key facts relating to the EU, China and the Copenhagen Accord. Some key findings include: the financial crisis has halted the rise in global energy use, but its long-term upward path will resume, based on current policies; oil investment has fallen sharply, posing questions on medium term supply; a sizable glut of natural gas is looming; a 450 path will require massive investments but would bring substantial benefits; natural gas can play a key role as a bridge to a cleaner energy future; and the Copenhagen Accord takes significant steps forward on international climate policy but is not sufficient to limit temperature rise to 2 degrees.

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World Energy Outlook Post Copenhagen.pdf 2.79 MB
18th
Mar
2010

China’s Role in Advancing Climate Policies in the Face of a Global Recession

Antony Froggatt , Chatham House. China plays a key role in the interactions between global energy prices, CO2 emissions and global economic output. In terms of existing policies, energy security concern is the main driver, although this can also bring environmental benefits, they include plans to: decrease energy intensity by 20% in the current five year plan; increase the deployment of renewables; plans for new nuclear generation. The next Chinese five year plan may introduce carbon intensity targets for the first time. The impact of, and response to, the economic crisis are also discussed, with a massive decrease in exports being evident, with policy seeking to encourage domestic consumption and use stimulus packages for significant infrastructure; alongside national technology developments in respect to renewables, vehicles and coal. In terms of China’s role in advancing climate policies a number of questions remain, including: the relationship between energy demand and manufacturing; how the global economic recovery may stimulate the Chinese economy, energy demand and emissions; and how these will impact upon global energy, emissions curves, and trade balances.

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Chinas role in Advancing climate policies in recession 2009.pdf 651.11 KB
21st
Sep
2009

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