Downloads / Technology

Making a Low Carbon Economy Happen

Ben Irons, McKinsey and Company Using low carbon abatement cost curves provides insights into what will be requirement for a low carbon economy, with a global abatement cost curve for 2030 shown. In addition to the significant opportunities across all sectors for energy efficiency, a low carbon economy will also require a low carbon power sector. In terms of investment, it is estimated that incremental investment of over €300b per year through 2015 is needed, but only a third of that investment requirement is currently attractive to investors. Energy policy will play a key role in attracting the necessary private investment.

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Making a Low carbon economy happen 2009.pdf 167.21 KB
21st
Sep
2009

How can Transport Change Enough?

Abigail Bristow, Loughborough University A range of issues for encouraging a shift towards low carbon transport are discussed. Recent trends show that many indicators are moving in the right direction in terms of passengers, freight and vehicles, but there is a need to reinforce and encourage these positive developments to continue. In part, this will require more effort to encourage behaviour change, which is necessary, but currently underplayed in policy, with a preference tending to be shown towards technology solutions. Possible costs of different measures are shown, based on a MAC curve from the Impact Assessment of the Carbon Reduction Strategy for Transport. Ultimately, it is suggested that an overarching framework is needed, whilst the public tend to support ‘pull’ measures, these tend to be less effective and instead there is a need for ‘push’ measures that provide a consistent framework for change, possibly through building support for framing measures if they are perceived to be both fair and effective. To help facilitate change there should also be support for local innovation, as well as support to help develop niche Read more…

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How can transport change enough 2009.pdf 458.45 KB
21st
Sep
2009

China’s Role in Advancing Climate Policies in the Face of a Global Recession

Antony Froggatt , Chatham House. China plays a key role in the interactions between global energy prices, CO2 emissions and global economic output. In terms of existing policies, energy security concern is the main driver, although this can also bring environmental benefits, they include plans to: decrease energy intensity by 20% in the current five year plan; increase the deployment of renewables; plans for new nuclear generation. The next Chinese five year plan may introduce carbon intensity targets for the first time. The impact of, and response to, the economic crisis are also discussed, with a massive decrease in exports being evident, with policy seeking to encourage domestic consumption and use stimulus packages for significant infrastructure; alongside national technology developments in respect to renewables, vehicles and coal. In terms of China’s role in advancing climate policies a number of questions remain, including: the relationship between energy demand and manufacturing; how the global economic recovery may stimulate the Chinese economy, energy demand and emissions; and how these will impact upon global energy, emissions curves, and trade balances.

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Chinas role in Advancing climate policies in recession 2009.pdf 651.11 KB
21st
Sep
2009

Green Fiscal Stimulus Packages

Samuel Fankhauser, Grantham Research Institute, LSE Sets out the case for a green fiscal stimulus, initially through evidence for its impact, before considering the impact of the recession on green investment. It questions why a fiscal stimulus is needed, suggesting the crisis is one of demand and that monetary instruments are exhausted; and that in terms of a green fiscal stimulus, it is highlighted that many green measures fit the stimulus criteria (i.e. they are targeted, timely, temporary) and that green investment makes sense anyway. Since the announcement of green stimulus packages there has been some boost to demand e.g. car scrappage schemes, but there have been mixed environmental benefits and little on energy efficiency. Since then talk has shifted more towards the use of spending cuts. It is questioned whether there is a need for a policy response to help underpin the carbon price and to better facilitate access to credit.

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Green Fiscal Stimulus Packages 2009.pdf 26.58 KB
21st
Sep
2009

Regional Renewable Energy Policy in China 2009

Amber Sharick, Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research The development for renewables within China is discussed in context to its growing population, growing per capita income, improving energy efficiency and the increasing demand for energy across all sectors. The details of the China Climate Program are highlighted, which includes renewable energy (RE) targets and incentives (15% of primary energy consumption and 20% of electricity by 2020). In terms of other renewable policy developments, China has: a renewable energy law; national RE targets; a requirement for national resource surveys; and mid- and long- term Provincial targets (a similar situation to national RE targets in the EU). A renewable energy development plan to 2020 includes an aim to install 30GW of onshore grid connected wind across its provinces and 1GW of offshore wind capacity; with a suggestion that 200 million megawatt hours of electricity from non-hydropower renewable energy projects will be needed by 2020.

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Regional renewable Energy Policy in China 2009.pdf 672.74 KB
11th
Feb
2009

China Moving towards low carbon growth 2009

Jim Watson, Sussex Energy Group China’s recent energy trends are described in terms of primary energy demand, energy intensity and power generation capacity, alongside environmental implications such as acid rain, total and per capita carbon emissions and attitudes to these. It is suggested that: per capita carbon emissions are low, but are rising from the production of goods for western consumers; there is a genuine desire to develop sustainably, but this is hindered by the financial crisis; and that significant progress in low carbon technologies is occurring, alongside improvements within energy efficiency, economic restructuring and innovation.

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China Moving towards low carbon growth 2009.pdf 295.28 KB
11th
Feb
2009

Delivering Sustainability – The need for energy policy to engage more people than the ‘usual suspects’ – the supply-side

Catherine Mitchell, University of Exeter Sets out the nature of the current energy system in terms of incumbent energy companies and how Government policies support them, before asking what can be done about this. The implication of meeting the 2050 carbon targets is that the energy system (electricity, heat and transport) will need to be almost completely different from that in place today, requiring significant innovation and change. It is apparent that the Big Six dominate electricity supply and generation and large scale gas, at the expense of other key sectors (transport, heat, skills) and what may be needed are more inclusive and open policies and a strategic plan with political intervention and funds.

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Delivering Sustainability the need for energy policy to engage more people than the usual suspects the supply side.pdf 929.65 KB
17th
Nov
2008

Learning Rates and Cost Reduction in the Marine Energy Sector

Mr Henry Jeffrey, University of Edinburgh. Since the early 1990s cost reduction and learning rates have attracted significant interest in technology and policy analysis. Learning rates (or experience curves) provide a method of analyzing technical change and policy measures and thus allow progress to be assessed and have hence found a role assessing future technology for the energy sector. The objective of this paper is to enhance the understanding of, and add clarity to, the potential cost reductions that could be achieved in marine energy in combination with assessing how existing learning rates models fit with this emerging technology. A secondary but nevertheless important objective is the identification of the underpinning causal factors that facilitate and govern future cost reductions, and hence dictate the overall learning investments for this sector. This will have the following benefits: •           Inform the energy forecasting community •           Inform the public and private sector investment community •           Inform policy makers This work will provide robust, auditable knowledge and information surrounding future costs of marine energy. It is important that this increased clarity is made available as Read more…

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24th
Sep
2008

Electricity Generation: Nuclear Power

Professor Gordon Mackerron, SPRU, University of Sussex Nuclear investment within the UK is becoming credible again because: the political fall-out from Chernobyl has receded; price volatility for oil and gas has increased; there is international investment interest in nuclear; climate change has become a bigger driver; and nuclear offers a route to bulk baseload power. The 2007 EWP sees nuclear as both a low-carbon option and a way to improve security of supply, although there is considerable uncertainty over what the economics might be. The EWP sets out a range of facilitative actions to enable the development of new nuclear power (design, planning, back end costs, justification process), but these are yet to be tested.

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Electricity Generation Nuclear Power 2007.pdf 189.34 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Security of Supply for the UK

Professor Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Although the 2007 EWP seeks to define energy security, its approach is insufficient. In particular both domestic and international dimensions need to be considered, but most attention (academia, policy, and media) is given to international issues, with the EWP discussing an approach based upon lobbying other countries to promote open and competitive energy markets. This will not address the most important problems the UK faces and instead there is a need to take account of the resilience of production and network infrastructure to weather-related events and the ability to cope with catastrophic technical failure or accident (shocks). Most energy security incidents are caused by domestic supply and infrastructure failure and not international dimensions.

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Security of Supply for the UK 2007.pdf 186.75 KB
25th
Sep
2007

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