Downloads / Energy White Paper

BERR Energy Group’s Long Term Scenarios and analysis underpinning the 2008 Nuclear White Paper

Mr Stephen Green, BERR  The effects of today’s energy policy will be seen long into the future. BERR Energy Group Scenarios has developed scenarios to aid analysis of the robustness of policy to future changes within the framework of some plausible alternative futures.  This part of the paper will give an overview of the scenario development, the scenarios themselves and a short account of how they have been used to aid thinking about policy within the department. The second part of the paper would illustrate developments in policy on nuclear power from the 2003 Energy White Paper to the present.  The analysis for the 2008 Nuclear White Paper was underpinned by a detailed cost-benefit analysis taking into account the impact on carbon dioxide emissions and energy security of supply and comparing nuclear with fossil fuel generation. Analysis was also undertaken using the MARKAL energy model to illustrate the implications of including or excluding nuclear in the long-term electricity generation mix.  It would also explain the range of options which exist to abate emissions of carbon dioxide and how we undertake Read more…

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25th
Sep
2008

Policies for a Low Carbon UK Energy System

Prof. Dennis Anderson, Imperial College.  3 October 2007 This paper provides an independent assessment of the policies required, and estimated costs for, achieving a low carbon energy system in the UK. This links to the policies set out within the recent Energy White Paper, building on the findings of the Stern Review. It is suggested that the magnitudes of the incentives required, fall substantially short of what will be needed if the UK is to meet both its near and long-term targets by 2050. Through an analysis of the costs of low carbon technologies relative to those of fossil fuels, the paper puts forward proposals for how the incentives might be financed without unnecessary recourse to the public revenue. The cost implications and incentives needed to move to a higher emission abatement target than the 60% Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution recommendation are also considered.

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Policies for a Low Carbon UK Energy System 2007.pdf 909.72 KB
3rd
Oct
2007

Electricity Generation: Nuclear Power

Professor Gordon Mackerron, SPRU, University of Sussex Nuclear investment within the UK is becoming credible again because: the political fall-out from Chernobyl has receded; price volatility for oil and gas has increased; there is international investment interest in nuclear; climate change has become a bigger driver; and nuclear offers a route to bulk baseload power. The 2007 EWP sees nuclear as both a low-carbon option and a way to improve security of supply, although there is considerable uncertainty over what the economics might be. The EWP sets out a range of facilitative actions to enable the development of new nuclear power (design, planning, back end costs, justification process), but these are yet to be tested.

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Electricity Generation Nuclear Power 2007.pdf 189.34 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Carbon Capture and Storage

Dr Jon Gibbins, Imperial College Tracks the development of CCS thinking within Government since the 2003 EWP, setting out the measures that are proposed to support and enable CCS within the 2007 EWP, from a national and international perspective. This includes a discussion on the Government planned approach for designing a competition framework for the UK CCS demonstration and the criteria by which possible proposals will be assessed. The important role that CCS could play in tackling climate change is discussed, including economic considerations, and it is highlighted that commercial demonstration is vital to enable any global roll out. This will require a sustained effort and an immediate start if the potential of CCS is to be realised.

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Carbon Capture and Storage 2007.pdf 414.05 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Renewable Energy in the 2007 Energy White Paper

Professor Catherine Mitchell, University of Exeter Provides an overview of progress on renewables within the UK, the current support mechanisms for them, new policy developments and what needs to change to better enable their development. To date, progress has been poor, in comparison to other EU countries, with support in the UK currently provided through the Renewable Obligation. The EWP sets an aspiration for 20% renewable electricity by 2020 and sets out policy developments for banding the RO and changing the planning regime; however, it does not deal with renewable heat or transport and continues to play down microgeneration and market intervention. A real issue continues to be a lack of a long term strategy for the UK energy system, which the EWP fails to address.

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Renewable Energy in the UK 2007.pdf 115.17 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Reducing Energy Use in UK Transport

Professor David Banister, Transport Studies Unit, Oxford University The UK transport sector is responsible for over a quarter of UK energy use and GHG emissions, but the 2007 EWP contains no explicit targets for transport. A range of policy measures have been adopted for the sector, but the EWP focus is on voluntary standards for fuel efficiency, biofuels and the EUETS. Approaches to reduce energy consumption in transport include: making fewer trips; encouraging modal shift away from the car; reducing trip lengths; and encouraging greater efficiency in the transport system. Further debate is needed with all stakeholders to address energy use within transport to examine: the barriers to implementation; sector based targets; and making energy central to transport decision making. There is also a need to: raise public awareness and get active involvement in seeking solutions; do something about air transport; and bring behaviour change into the debate.

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Reducing Energy Use in UK Transport 2007.pdf 478.81 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Security of Supply for the UK

Professor Jonathan Stern, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Although the 2007 EWP seeks to define energy security, its approach is insufficient. In particular both domestic and international dimensions need to be considered, but most attention (academia, policy, and media) is given to international issues, with the EWP discussing an approach based upon lobbying other countries to promote open and competitive energy markets. This will not address the most important problems the UK faces and instead there is a need to take account of the resilience of production and network infrastructure to weather-related events and the ability to cope with catastrophic technical failure or accident (shocks). Most energy security incidents are caused by domestic supply and infrastructure failure and not international dimensions.

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Security of Supply for the UK 2007.pdf 186.75 KB
25th
Sep
2007

The Energy White Paper: Distributed Energy

 Professor Goran Strbac, Imperial College There are a number of drivers for change in terms of the present centralised electricity system, including: aging assets; connection of new forms of generation; new information and communication technologies; developments in transmission and distribution plant technologies; and demand side responses. Consideration to the merits of a centralised versus decentralised system is given and a number of key issues for distributed power are apparent, including: costs (with DG technologies tending to have relatively high capital costs; electricity industry issues (technical, commercial and regulatory); regulatory barriers (gaining planning permission); and a lack of reliable information. It is suggested that although the 2007 EWP highlights many of the key issues, it does not make the case for distributed energy.

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2007 Energy White paper Programme.pdf 96.1 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Saving Energy

Dr Brenda Boardman, ECI,  Oxford University In the context of the challenge to cut carbon emissions, the task is huge, but possible. The 40% House study provides insights into saving energy within the domestic sector, showing the importance of reducing demand as this also reduces technology costs and increases security of supply. Action is required on lighting, appliances, insulation and better building standards, which will also help to reduce bills and fuel poverty. The current distribution of EPC bandings for the UK housing stocking is shown, based on SAP 2005 as well as how this needs to be transformed by 2050. Whilst the EWP contains some useful initiatives, it lacks an overall vision and sense of urgency, and a vast untapped potential for saving energy exists, particularly in combination with micro-generation and trading (personal carbon allowances).

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Saving Energy 2007.pdf 188.48 KB
25th
Sep
2007

Valuing Carbon: From theory to practice and back (again)

Professor Michael Grubb, The Carbon Trust  There are two main discourses around carbon, the first relating to what the cost of carbon should be. It is suggested that setting a legally-defined long term 2050 target is consistent with the literature on the economics of the problem. Secondly, what instrument is best to put a price on carbon is discussed, with a recognition that a rational approach needs to be international, but has to take account of additionality and political economy. It is suggested that basing a UK carbon price instrument on the EUETS makes sense, if the limitations of the EUETS are acknowledged and can be addressed over time. It is recognised that climate change creates some fundamental dilemmas in terms of how to enable investment in low carbon, with current theories not being adequate for the needs of policy; also it is suggested that neither the EWP nor the UK Climate Change Bill really solve the problem of low carbon investment security.

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Valuing Carbon 2007.pdf 331.3 KB
25th
Sep
2007

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