Downloads / conference 2010

Contract Renegotiation and Rent Re-Redistribution: Who Gets Raked Over the Coals?

Dr Ian Lange, University of Stirling Policy shocks affect the rent distribution in long-term contracts, which can lead to such contracts being renegotiated.  We seek an understanding of what aspects of contract design, in the face of a substantial policy shock, affect the propensity to renegotiate.  We test our hypotheses using data on U.S. coal contracts after the policy shock of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Contracts are divided into two categories, those that were renegotiated following the shock and those that were not and their characteristics are used to determine how they influence whether or not a contract was ultimately renegotiated.  Results provide guidance on rent re-distribution and contract renegotiation more generally and are applicable to contemporary policy issues such as climate change legislation.

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Contract Renegotiation and Rent Re-Redistribution - Presentation.pdf 498.94 KBContract Renegotiation and Rent Re-Redistribution - Paper.pdf 287.78 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Modelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development

Mr Grant Allan, Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde Biofuels offer the possibility of serving most, if not all, of the four goals of Scottish energy policy (Scottish Government, 2009): reducing emissions; improving security of supply; improving accessibility to cheap fuels (particularly, perhaps, in remote rural areas); and offering scope for regional economic development potential. The extent to which economic development in the region is boosted is likely to depend upon the specific biofuels technology employed, and its embeddedness into the regional economy, noting any existing regional activity which is likely to be displaced by that fuel technology (if applicable). These issues can be considered within appropriately disaggregated regional Input-Output (IO) models, and have been incorporated in studies for ethanol and biodiesel technologies. Such studies show the regional economic link between changes in demand for biofuels in the region and economic variables. Such models however, typically employ conventional “demand-driven” IO models in linking changes in demand for a sectors output and regional output changes. In the specific case of (first-generation) biofuels, the assumptions underlying “demand-driven” models appear to be unsuitable, Read more…

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Modelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development - Paper.pdf 422.57 KBModelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development - Presentation.pdf 780.63 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Economic impacts of wind generation variability on gas network operation

Dr Modassar Chaudry, Institute of Energy, Cardiff University Large capacity of wind generation is expected to be installed across Great Britain by 2020. Wind generation is intermittent, therefore fast ramping generation plants will be required to balance electricity demand. Gas-fired generation plants will be used to compensate for wind generation variability because of their ramping capability and large generation capacity in GB. This will cause comparable gas demand swings in the gas network as wind comes and goes. A combined gas and electricity network optimisation model (CGEN) is used to quantify the economic impacts of wind variability on gas-fired generation plants and gas network operation. The additional maintenance and operational costs due to greater ramping and stop/starts of gas-fired plants are investigated. Analysis is performed on cost implications of increased compressor power consumption and linepack fluctuations in order to manage larger gas demand swings in the gas network.

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Economic impacts of wind generation variability on gas network operation - Paper.pdf 4.9 MB
23rd
Sep
2010

The Formation of a Domestic and International Market for Tidal Energy Technologies: the Economic Implications for the UK

Miss Michelle Gilmartin, Fraser of Allander Institute, University of Strathclyde World-wide interest in tidal power has increased in recent years, and this is particularly true in the UK, where the vast tidal energy resource around the coast is ranked among the best in the world.  An important part of the case for renewable energy is the UK-wide socio-economic opportunities that would be associated with the deployment of devices such as tidal turbines.  Domestic expenditures on research and development, production, installation and maintenance of tidal turbine devices could provide an important demand stimulus for the local, regional and national economies.  In addition, a key driver in developing the UK tidal sector is the economic gain that could flow from the export of tidal devices, technologies and expertise. In this paper, we model the potential economic impacts associated with the deployment of tidal energy in the UK.  We use a twenty-five sector computable general equilibrium model, UKENVI, to estimate the UK benefit from a domestic and export demand stimulus to the UK tidal power industry.  In doing so, we focus on the Read more…

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The Formation of a Domestic and International Market for Tidal Energy Technologies - Paper.pdf 129.08 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Lessons learned from New Zealand’s electricity market

Mr Mike Parker, Transpower New Zealand Limited In the last twenty years, many countries have split up state-run, vertically integrated and centrally planned electricity supply systems, in order to harness the benefits that competition and markets can offer. Without successful working models to base their electricity market on, each country has basically run its own experiment. It has become obvious in that time, that whilst markets work well for some aspects of electricity supply, they do not for others. Competitive generation appears to work well, for instance, but not market-driven transmission. Neither will markets deliver security of supply or other public policy objectives. This presentation will discuss learnings from New Zealand, where the state-run electricity supplier was split into a transmission company and several generation/retailing companies in the 1990’s.

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Lessons learned from New Zealand’s electricity market - Presentation.pdf 574.01 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

An evaluating of the regulation of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources in Brazil

Dr Élbia Melo, CCEE -Brazil The reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the major challenges that has been faced by the humankind nowadays. This challenge is straight related to the electricity energy production, considering that this sector is in front line of the greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, the search for alternative ways to produce electricity energy is one of the main objectives of the 21st century. Brazil presents an unique scenery in the worldwide electricity industry. The Brazilian electricity generation matrix may characterize the power industry as a renewable one. The Brazilian interconnected system which accounts for about 98% of the Brazilian electricity market has an installed capacity of near 107 GW, with the hydro system responsible for 71% of the total installed capacity. Thermal generation main includes nuclear, natural gas, coal, oil plants and biomass. When we focus on alternatives energy sources we figure out a huge unexploited potential in Brazil: 143.5 GW related to wind power and 12.3 GW related to small hydro plants. In the case of biomass source by sugar cane, Read more…

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An evaluating of the regulation of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources in Brazil - Paper.pdf 827.51 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Energy Equity and Innovation in Emerging Countries

Mr Sebastián del Hoyo, University of Buenos Aires The ability to produce innovation on a large scale is one of the key factors behind the creation of a developed economy: an economy of knowledge.  When considering most of the countries in the emerging world, it is seen that many of them rely heavily on natural resources to develop their economies and societies. The main argument is that those countries have competitive advantages in doing so – think oil in the Middle East or agriculture in Latin America. There are some other countries that are more aware of the importance of industrialization for the development of their economies. Energy is one of the most important levers in human development and, as such, acts as a key factor in determining the economic development of all countries. In addition, the inequality within and across countries between those who have access and those who do not is on the increase. This paper is aimed at answering how could emerging economies will be able to play by the rules in terms of property rights and Read more…

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Energy Equity and Innovation in Emerging Countries - Paper.pdf 445.46 KBEnergy Equity and Innovation in Emerging Countries - Presentation.pdf 738.23 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

The Institutional Framework for China’s Energy Transition

Professor Philip Andrews-Speed, University of Dundee How China manages its transition to a low carbon economy though the reform of its energy sector is of critical importance the whole world. Through an examination of the institutions of energy governance in China, this paper identifies a number of key features which are likely to determine the future evolution of its energy sector. At one level are the embedded institutions which have their roots in more than four thousand years of history and derive from the country’s origin as an hydraulic agrarian regime. These include the preference for conformity, the importance of  personal relationships, and attitudes towards truth.  The way that natural resources are governed is also coloured by traditional views on the relationship between man and nature, on self-reliance, and on the role of the state. At another level, analysis of the current institutional environment shows how the formal structures government, the Communist Party and the legal system operate in the context of these deeply rooted values to determine policy making and implementation in the energy sector. As a consequence, China’s Read more…

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The Institutional Framework for China’s Energy Transition - Paper.pdf 84.82 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run

Katharina Gruenberg, Shell Research Ltd In a rapidly changing world the demand for energy seems ever increasing. Good insight into future energy demand levels of now developing countries is usually obtained from the countries that have already climbed up the so-called energy ladder based on economic drivers. Commonly acknowledged, the energy economies of the countries will vary further by geographic and demographic variables: indisputably, India, being warmer and more dispersed, will exhibit a different domestic heating and transport patterns of energy consumption than the ‘average OECD country’. The question is: How different? What will the patterns of the developing countries look like in the future and what is the impact at the world level? And what is the time frame we are talking about? Shell is known for its interest in long-term future energy consumption, through work such as “Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050” published in 2008. This presentation will show the results of further incorporating important country-specific characteristics into our long-term outlooks for energy.

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Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run - Presentation.pdf 136.46 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Leading the way in Asia, Africa and the Middle East

Yulanda Chung, Standard Chartered Bank Sustainability and energy are important considerations in the SCB’s financing decisions, which are more widely governed by the Equator Principles. The procedures used are based on the lending process and E&S risk management across: preliminary screening; due diligence; approval; and monitoring (with country and governance risk overlays). In respect to climate risk assessment, SCB consider how geographies, financial products and sectors intersect, assessing: regulatory risks; reputational risks (to bank and client) and physical risk. These enable a matrix based assessment to be used in respect to climate change risk, across these four areas, on a five year, ten year and greater than 15 year timescale – using a low, medium and high risk analysis. Examples and descriptions are provided for three examples within China: real estate; power generation; and the auto industry.  This allows financing decisions to consider climate change risk and energy intensity within individual investments and across SCB’s portfolios.

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Leading the way in Asia, Africa and the Middle East - Presentation.pdf 1.31 MB
23rd
Sep
2010

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