Downloads / BRICS

UK Biofuels industry overview 2011

Ann Cormack, Xynteo An overview of Xynteo and The Global Leadership & Technology Exchange is provided. The global picture for biofuels is discussed in relation to the targets that are currently in place, with 47 countries currently having declared targets, summaries of some of these are set out including for the: UK; EU; USA; China; India; Brazil and Australia. A detailed market overview for UK biofuels is provided covering: market size; sources of biofuels; existing commitments and achievements in 2009/10; the future outlook; and possible issues. Consideration is also given to the various EU and UK Government policies covering agriculture, direct support mechanisms, capital expenditure and support for R&D. An analysis of current feedstocks for the UK and internationally is provided along with a discussion on possible future feedstocks such as advanced second and third generation biofuels. Against the context of the UK’s investment environment, the question of whether the industry has now come of age is examined; although a range of issues exist, such as: their potential to reduce GHGs; efficiency of biofuels versus electric vehicles; rural development; security Read more…

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UK Biofuels industry overview 2011.pdf 556.11 KB
18th
Feb
2011

World Energy Outlook – A Glimpse into the Future of Energy

Dr. Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency Provides an overview and insights into the 2010 WEO. It is suggested that recently announced policies can make a difference, but fall well short of what is needed for a secure and sustainable energy future. In respect to oil, growing demand for mobility in emerging economies is driving up use, production is shifting away from crude and oil will come from fewer producers; the view is that the age of cheap oil is over, though policy action could bring lower international prices than would otherwise be the case. Gas is seen as playing a key role in meeting the world’s energy needs and it is asked whether we may be entering a golden age for gas. It is also recognised that the stronger penetration of natural gas could have profound implications for energy markets and the environment. Although renewables are entering the mainstream, long-term support is needed to boost their competitiveness. Detailed information is provided on climate change and emission reductions, with a recognition that a lack of ambition in Copenhagen/Cancun has increased the Read more…

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World Energy Outlook A glimpse into the future of energy.pdf 539.08 KB
17th
Feb
2011

An evaluating of the regulation of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources in Brazil

Dr Élbia Melo, CCEE -Brazil The reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the major challenges that has been faced by the humankind nowadays. This challenge is straight related to the electricity energy production, considering that this sector is in front line of the greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, the search for alternative ways to produce electricity energy is one of the main objectives of the 21st century. Brazil presents an unique scenery in the worldwide electricity industry. The Brazilian electricity generation matrix may characterize the power industry as a renewable one. The Brazilian interconnected system which accounts for about 98% of the Brazilian electricity market has an installed capacity of near 107 GW, with the hydro system responsible for 71% of the total installed capacity. Thermal generation main includes nuclear, natural gas, coal, oil plants and biomass. When we focus on alternatives energy sources we figure out a huge unexploited potential in Brazil: 143.5 GW related to wind power and 12.3 GW related to small hydro plants. In the case of biomass source by sugar cane, Read more…

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An evaluating of the regulation of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources in Brazil - Paper.pdf 827.51 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run

Katharina Gruenberg, Shell Research Ltd In a rapidly changing world the demand for energy seems ever increasing. Good insight into future energy demand levels of now developing countries is usually obtained from the countries that have already climbed up the so-called energy ladder based on economic drivers. Commonly acknowledged, the energy economies of the countries will vary further by geographic and demographic variables: indisputably, India, being warmer and more dispersed, will exhibit a different domestic heating and transport patterns of energy consumption than the ‘average OECD country’. The question is: How different? What will the patterns of the developing countries look like in the future and what is the impact at the world level? And what is the time frame we are talking about? Shell is known for its interest in long-term future energy consumption, through work such as “Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050” published in 2008. This presentation will show the results of further incorporating important country-specific characteristics into our long-term outlooks for energy.

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Passenger Road Transport in the Long Run - Presentation.pdf 136.46 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

What can we learn from the BRIC countries?

Jim Watson, SPRU University of Sussex Global trends from IEA show that: energy demand could increase by 40% by 2030; fossil fuel use will continue to be dominant; CO2 emissions will continue to rise; and fossil fuel prices will continue to increase (all based on a BAU scenario). Many of the key drivers to these changes are a result of increased demand within Asia, the Middle East and from other non-OECD countries. Data on China shows a rapidly rising demand for energy, with associated rising emissions, although energy intensity is falling and access to electricity is increasing. Their policy approach includes targets to reduce energy intensity, increase the use of renewables and nuclear power, and provide stimulus funds for cleaner technologies and energy efficiency. In respect to industrial policy, for wind, China and India are developing approaches to catch up through industrial development and technology adoption, using integrated approaches to policy and regulation, R&D support and the use of national and global learning networks. Similar approaches are also being used to support Korean steel. In terms of learning from these Read more…

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What can we learn from the BRIC countries? - Presentation.pdf 602.33 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

World Energy Outlook Post Copenhagen IEA

Dr. Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency An overview of the 2010 WEO Reference Scenario to 2030 is provided, discussing: changes in primary energy demand; upstream oil and gas capital expenditures; oil production, issues and prices; and natural gas supply, transportation, prices and market trends. The 450 Scenario is also described in respect to how demand by fuel type needs to change and the abatement of CO2 emissions; along with some key facts relating to the EU, China and the Copenhagen Accord. Some key findings include: the financial crisis has halted the rise in global energy use, but its long-term upward path will resume, based on current policies; oil investment has fallen sharply, posing questions on medium term supply; a sizable glut of natural gas is looming; a 450 path will require massive investments but would bring substantial benefits; natural gas can play a key role as a bridge to a cleaner energy future; and the Copenhagen Accord takes significant steps forward on international climate policy but is not sufficient to limit temperature rise to 2 degrees.

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World Energy Outlook Post Copenhagen.pdf 2.79 MB
18th
Mar
2010

The continuing tug-of -war between emerging market and developed market commodity demand

Jeffrey Currie, Goldman Sachs International There has been a commodity imbalance with oil, which has historically seen global output lower than global production capacity. However, this is starting to change due to a range of interrelated issues, such as commodities, prices, resource realignments between Emerging Markets and Developed Markets (EM, DM); as well as increasing macroeconomic correlations. These changing relationships are explored in relation to what is happening within oil markets and oil pricing, considering the changing relationships between DM and EM. It is suggested that as DM recovers following the financial crisis, it will push the oil market back towards its effective production capacity by 2011. In the long term, given that the commodity crisis is a supply problem, more than a demand problem, demand in the DM will have to contract going forward to make room for EM demand increases (due to supply constraints).

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The continuing tug of war between emerging market and developed market commodity demand.pdf 340.09 KB
7th
Jan
2010

China Moving towards low carbon growth 2009

Jim Watson, Sussex Energy Group China’s recent energy trends are described in terms of primary energy demand, energy intensity and power generation capacity, alongside environmental implications such as acid rain, total and per capita carbon emissions and attitudes to these. It is suggested that: per capita carbon emissions are low, but are rising from the production of goods for western consumers; there is a genuine desire to develop sustainably, but this is hindered by the financial crisis; and that significant progress in low carbon technologies is occurring, alongside improvements within energy efficiency, economic restructuring and innovation.

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China Moving towards low carbon growth 2009.pdf 295.28 KB
11th
Feb
2009

Piloting Low Carbon Economic Zones in China 2009

Antony Froggatt, Chatham House An overview of Low Carbon Zones (LCZ) is provided, setting out what they are, what they can include and the opportunities and incentives they can offer. These are considered in terms of the role LCZs could play within China, and the role that LCZs could play in driving a low carbon economy-wide transition. LCZs provide a testing ground for regulatory, economic, trade and investment policies, promoting the necessary scale of economic transformation for a low-carbon future. Examples of what they can include are set out, such as: demonstration and manufacturing of energy efficient and low carbon goods and services; low or zero carbon towns and infrastructure; and alternative transport modes. Within China they are seen as potentially playing an important role in their next industrial revolution and are being driven by strong local Chinese leadership and supported by central Government. The strategic commitment by China to develop practical decarbonisation paths is supported by strategic cooperation from the EU. The current status of LCZs within China are discussed and the case for, and steps towards developing one Read more…

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Piloting Low Carbon Economic Zones in China 2009.pdf 496.54 KB
11th
Feb
2009

World Energy Outlook 2008

Dr Fatih Birol, International Energy Agency The context for the 2008 WEO includes: soaring energy prices to mid-2008, followed by a collapse; the financial crisis and economic slowdown; the possibility that economic worries will divert attention from strategic energy-security and environmental challenges; a possible supply-crunch once the economy recovers; and questions over what will come out of the COP-15 in Copenhagen. Each of these issues is discussed in respect to possible impacts for global energy demand and supply, set out through the IEA’s Reference Scenario and the climate policy scenarios (550 and 450). Details are provided on world primary energy demand, including the role of coal, oil, gas and electricity, and the prospects for oil and gas supplies. The summary suggests that: current energy trends are unsustainable —socially, environmentally, economically; oil will remain the leading energy source but the era of cheap oil is over and the oil market is undergoing major and lasting structural change; energy and geopolitics will be increasingly interconnected; the world’s energy system need to be decarbonised; and the financial crisis can plant the seeds for Read more…

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World Energy Outlook 2008.pdf 1.14 MB
9th
Feb
2009

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