Downloads / Energy demand

Consumers at the Heart of the Energy System : Implications for Policy

Nick Eyre is Professor of Energy and Climate Policy, and a Jackson Senior Research Fellow in Energy at the ECI and Oriel College. Nick is Director of the UK Centre for Research on Energy Demand, which began on 1st April 2018. As part of this role, he is the End Use Energy Demand Champion for the UK Research Councils’ Energy Programme. Nick is a Co-Director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Integrating Renewable Energy, which is undertaking research on the combined, technical, economic, social and policy issues in moving to electricity systems with very high levels of variable renewables. Nick has been Programme Leader for Energy in the ECI since 2007, but is currently seconded out of that post to the post of Director of the UK Centre for Research on Energy Demand.. From 2007 to 2017, he was a Co-Director of the multi-university collaboration, the UK Energy Research Centre, leading its research work on energy demand (2007-2014) and decision-making (2014-2017). He was a Co-Investigator within the Infrastructure Transitions Research Consortium from 2011-2017. Nick has worked as a researcher, consultant Read more…

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190918-Implications-for-policy.pdf 560.37 KB
19th
Sep
2018

The use of consumer data for optimizing smart grids for electricity and district heating

Carl Dalhammar, Lund University The Smart Cities Accelerator (SCA) project is an InterReg project that involves a number of Swedish and Danish municipalities and universities. The Malmö and Lund municipalities in Sweden are among the project partners. The aims are to develop new local smart grid solutions, and optimize current grids for district heating and electricity. The context of Sweden and Denmark is unique, for several reasons. The Nordic countries established one of the first common electricity markets, and this was accomplished despite the fact that the Nordic countries have quite different electricity mixes and quite different support schemes for renewables.  Both Sweden and Denmark have a very high share of district heating in the energy mix. The Swedish heating market, as a whole, has a net heat demand of around 100 TWh per year, whereof district heating covers around 50%. It dominates the business to business segment with over 90% of the market share for multi dwelling buildings and around 80% of the market share for non-residential buildings. One of the issues to be investigated in the project concerns Read more…

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dalhammar-hjarne-use-consumer-data.pptx 800.93 KBDalhammar-Use-of-consumer-data-for-optomizing-smart-grids-for-electricity-and-district-heating.pdf 1.25 MB
19th
Sep
2018

Unlocking the benefits to end consumers

Nicholas Rubin, ELEXON Ltd ELEXON recognises that how electricity is used is radically changing and that end consumers are being presented with more and more opportunities to actively manage their energy consumption and/or production. We recognise that the energy market (including central industry systems and processes) that facilitates this active participation will need to radically change too. A commitment to decarbonise the economy and developments in disrupting and decentralised technology, services and business models, amongst other things, is driving a great pace of change in the way electricity is produced and consumed. Whilst innovation in technology and service provision unlocks opportunities in the home, it is also unlocking opportunities that are making it a reality for smaller and smaller customers (including domestic customers) and businesses to actively participate at the heart of the electricity system, and provide services to each other and other actors across the system, in existing and new markets. On the one hand, these services might simply be based on the provision of smart meters to allow consumers to better manage their use, smart time of use Read more…

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Rubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-consumers-0918-v1.0.pptx 2.16 MBRubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-end-consumers1.pdf 319.46 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Modelling fuel demand of heterogeneous industrial consumers

Paolo Agnolucci, University College London (UCL) No economic sector incorporates more heterogeneity in the typology of energy consumers than the industrial sector, yet analysis of energy and fuel demand are normally conducted for the industrial sector as whole rather that at a more disaggregate level, a choice normally due to data availability. Motivated by the goal of developing the new industrial module adopted by the UK government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) for their econometric Energy Demand Model, our paper reports results obtained as part of a three step estimation process, where in the first step we estimated the determinants of economic activity for 8 industrial subsectors, in the second step we estimated the determinants of energy demand (published elsewhere[1]) and in the third step, discussed here, we assess substitution across fuels in each of the industrial sub-sectors modelled in our research. Using data spanning from 1990 to 2014 on fuel consumption and prices published on the Digest of UK Energy Statistics, and indices of production collected by the Office for National Statistics we implement detailed fuel Read more…

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Angnolucci-modelling-fuel-demand-of-heterogenerous-industrial-consumers.pptx 954.57 KBAgnolucci-Modelling-fuel-demand-of-heterogenerous-industrial-consumers.pdf 585.43 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Community Energy: A New Democratised Energy System?

Helen Roby; Coventry University Introduction The UK energy sector has been one of large-scale energy production, with households viewed as passive consumers at the end of wires. With the development of renewable energy technologies and smart meters, households and communities are taking on more active roles as producers and consumers of energy. This change could lead to a reconfiguration of production and consumption, whereby the energy system becomes both decentralised and democratised, empowering individuals and communities to contribute to its decarbonisation. Context In 2014 DECC (2014) published a strategy report for community energy, aimed at supporting energy and climate change policies. This report indicated a change in government policy from centralised large-scale energy production, to small-scale dispersed generation and ownership. The DECC report explores community energy’s role in helping to meet carbon reduction targets, with the potential by 2020 to produce between 0.5GW (2.2%) and 3GW (14%) of installed energy. Community energy schemes can also deliver other benefits, including meeting local needs, maintaining energy security, saving money and wider social and economic benefits (Cherrier, Szuba, and Özçağlar-Toulouse 2012). However, such Read more…

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Roby-Community-Energy-a-new-democratised-energy-system.pptx 25.43 MBRoby-Community-energy-A-new-democtratised-energy-systeem.pdf 281.89 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Killing the kilowatt hour: rethinking energy as a consumer service

Philip is the Chief Executive Officer of the Energy Systems Catapult, part of a network of world-leading centres set up by the UK Government to transform the UK’s capability for innovation and help drive future economic growth.  The Energy Systems Catapult was established in April 2015 with the remit to support the transition of the UK Energy System and enable economic growth from the many commercial and technological opportunities that will be created as the way we make, distribute and use energy undergoes radical change over the coming decades. The scope includes the interaction of energy with adjacent sectors, including water and transport He is a Commissioner on the global Energy Transition Commission and a member of the Global Futures Council of the World Economic Forum.  Philip is also a Fellow of the Energy Institute and sits on various Advisory Panels.

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180918-Killing-the-Kilowat-Hour-Philip-New.pdf 1.85 MB
18th
Sep
2018

Business participation in demand response: a review of potential barriers

Catarina Araya Cardoso, Westminster Business School Demand side response (DSR) is widely seen as the main intervention tool to address issues of peaks and troughs in electricity demand. Businesses can provide DSR through a variety of measures, such as using on-site generators or reducing their electricity consumption in response to external signals. To date, energy intensive firms have been the main providers of demand side response. However, the realization of the technical potential of DSR requires that other electricity end-users also alter their consumption patterns in response to system needs and there is little research on what influences their capacity and willingness to do so. This paper contributes to filling this gap by examining DSR participation of large energy consumers in the commercial and public-sector. In this sector, energy costs typically represent a smaller proportion of overall costs than in energy-intensive industries and partly because of this, energy initiatives tend be perceived as marginal to the core business. These differences suggest that the drivers that have encouraged energy intensive industries to participate in DSR may be insufficient to unlock the Read more…

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180918_1400_catarinaarayacardoso.pdf 553.47 KBCardoso-Business-participationin-demand-response-.pdf 451.16 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Integrating prosumers into the electricity grid: the interplay between technology and people

Yael Parag. Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya In the era of renewable and decentralized energy systems, prosumers are becoming crucial as they provide a set of valuable prosuming services to the grid. These services include not only microgeneration (Megawatts), but also demand reduction (Negawatts), load shifting (Flexiwatss) and energy storage (Storewatts). How to best integrate, harness and maximize these services for the benefit of society and the prosumers themselves remains a challenge. For many years policymakers focused on energy saving and promoted Negawatts via raising consumer awareness to their energy consumption. Millions have been invested in developing and distributing sophisticated energy monitors and displays, smartphone apps, websites and calculators. Behavioral economic insights, such as comparison to others or to previous consumption, have been widely applied to energy bills. These immense efforts resulted in various levels of energy savings, many of which were not sustained over time and often relied on consumers’ pro-environmental values. At the same time, appliance efficiency improved dramatically due to regulation and market transformation, resulting in longer lasting yet nearly effortless (behavior-wise) savings. In the future it is Read more…

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parag-Integrating-prosumers-into-the-electricity-grid.pptx 4.65 MBParag-Integrating-prosumers-into-the-electricity-grid.pdf 352.75 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Causal Tree Estimation of Heterogeneous Household Response to Time-Of-Use Electricity Pricing Schemes

Eoghan O’Neill, University of Cambridge In this paper, we apply some recently developed methods for describing the heterogeneity of treatment effects to an electricity smart metering trial dataset. We use these methods to investigate how household demand response to Time of Use (TOU) electricity pricing schemes varies with survey variables and past consumption data. There is a need to better understand the distributional implications of energy policies. For example, the impact of TOU tariffs on households depends upon how they currently use electricity, their ability to allocate demand to off-peak periods and the specific structure of the tariffs. Consumers in different socioeconomic groups, with different incomes or behavioural characteristics may react in different ways to the introduction of TOU tariffs. Similarly, customers with distinct historical intra-day load profiles, will respond differently to the introduction of tariffs that charge different prices for electricity at different times of the day. Household electricity demand response is an example of a policy-relevant application where tree based methods for describing heterogeneity are appealing. A report produced by the Centre for Sustainable Energy for Ofgem (CSE Read more…

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ONeill_Causal-Tree-Estimation-of-Heterogeneous-Household-Response.pptx 2.45 MBONeil-Causal-tree-estimation-of-heterogenerous-household-response-to-time-of-use-electricity-pricing-schemes.pdf 1.13 MB
18th
Sep
2018

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