Downloads / Renewables

Renewable energy deployment and costs in the UK: spatial analysis taking into account policy, social and environmental land use constraints

Ms Marianne  Zeyringer, UCL Energy Institute, United Kingdom Dr Dennis Konadu, UCL Energy Institute,United Kingdom Dr James Price, UCL Energy Institute, United Kingdom Dr Sheila Samsatli, Imperial College London, United Kingdom Dr Zenaida Sobral-Mourao, University of Cambridge,United Kingdom The UK is committed to reduce its GHG emissions by at least 80% in 2050 from 1990 levels (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 2008). Pacala, (2004) states that the portfolio of energy technologies to tackle the climate problem in the next 50 years is already industrially available. This assumption implies large scale deployment of nuclear energy and/or renewable energy sources (RES). The location of RES determines the total output and the timing of production. This means that the LCOE and integration costs are location dependent. There is a significant body of literature that analyses spatially the potential of RES in the UK: Gooding et al., (2013) for PV; Aylott et al., (2010), Tenerelli and Carver, (2012) and Lovett et al., (2014) for biomass energy; Drew et al., (2013) and Samsatli et al., (2016) for wind turbines. Evidence also exists in the literature that landscape is very important Read more…

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Zeyringer-Renewable-energy-deployment-and-costs-in-the-uk.pdf 1.68 MBZeyringer-Renewable-energy-deployment-in-the-UK-spatial-analysis-of-opportunities-and-threats.pdf 646.39 KB
22nd
Sep
2016

Integrating wind power into the UK energy mix through dynamic demand-side response

Mr Matthew  Gross, University of Sussex, United Kingdom In the majority of residential demand-side response (DSR) programmes that have taken place internationally, the principal motivation for participation has been the chance to save money on electricity bills. However, on most programmes where consumers can benefit from cheaper electricity, they risk paying more if they consume a lot of their electricity at peak times. As a consequence, consumers who are more risk averse appear less willing to participate in DSR programmes (Fell et al. 2015). However, while some consumers might not be prepared to engage in price-based DSR, studies have shown that other motivations – such as helping to reduce the likelihood of power cuts or lowering environmental emissions – can incentivise consumers to participate (Gyamfi & Krumdieck 2011). At the same time, as the proportion of renewable energy in the system mix grows, the importance of residential DSR to help to balance supply and demand is likely to increase (Alizadeh et al. 2016; Ward et al. 2014) This paper describes a residential DSR trial that took place in the UK from Read more…

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Gross-integrating-wind-power-into-the-UK-energy-mix1.pdf 772.08 KBGross-integrating-wind-power-into-the-UK-energy-mix.pdf 684.51 KB
22nd
Sep
2016

Facing the Climate and Digital Challenge: European Energy Industry From Boom to Crisis and Transformation

Mrs Proadpran Boonprasurd  Piccini, BI Norwegian Business School, Norway  Prof Atle Midttun, BI Norwegian Business School, Norway 1   THE TOPIC, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE The paper explores the business models and turbulent commercial trajectories of major European energy(electricity&gas) incumbents through the first one and a half decades of the 21st century,as they struggle to meet the pressure for green transition as well as the challenge of the digital economy. It also examines trajectories and business models of new actors that have challenged and transcended established business practice. Based on this analysis, the paper presents perspectives on future positioning of a sustainable European energy industry and reflections on how to better integrate EU climate and energy policies. 2   RELEVANCE TO THE CONFERENCE The paper focuses on the Conference’s core theme “Innovation and Disruption: the energy sector in transition”. Our study highlights the implications of transformative change that is taking place in the European energy industry, and enhances current knowledge as well as provides indications of emerging new business models and strategies for the energy industry. 3   METHODOLOGY The study undertakes a longitudinal comparative analysis Read more…

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Piccini-Facing-the-climate-and-Digital-Challenge.pdf 566.78 KBPiccini-Facing-the-Climate-and-Digital-Challenge.pdf 1.27 MB
21st
Sep
2016

Energy Barometer 2016

Deane Somerville, Knowledge Team Manager, Energy Institute The 2016 Energy Barometer Report captures insights from UK energy professionals and enables them to form the energy debate, policymakers, influencers, the industry and the public. Deane Somerville has worked in the Knowledge Team at the Energy Institute for the past three years, and has been involved in the development and production of the Energy Barometer as well as other Knowledge Service products. Prior to joining the EI, he worked in environmental consulting, focusing on contaminated site remediation. Academically, his background is in Geology as well as Energy and Environmental Technology. Deane is a Graduate member of the Energy Institute.  

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Energy_Barometer_2016-Somerville.pdf 1.35 MB
21st
Sep
2016

The role of State Investment Banks in enabling low-carbon technological change

Ms Anna  Geddes, ETH, Switzerland Prof Tobias Schmidt, ETH, Switzerland Keywords: state investment banks, innovation, public finance, technological change, renewable energy, project finance   Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are considered essential to help mankind achieve its climate change goals [1]. But there is a significant ‘financing gap’ for the projects required and many are concerned that investments for the large-scale diffusion of RETs will not materialise [2-4]. Public support and utilities’ balance sheets are constrained and, given the necessary scale of investment, private finance is required [5-8]. Meanwhile, to become competitive in the long term, further innovation is needed [1].  In recognition of this issue, some governments have appointed State Investment Banks (SIBs) to accelerate the diffusion (and innovation) of RETs. For example the UK’s GIB was founded to foster a greener and more innovative economy by mobilising private finance into low carbon projects. Studies exist on why SIBs are being created and their role in the economy [9-11], but not regarding their impact on technological change. With this work we aim to answer the following questions: How and to what extent Read more…

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Geddes-The-Role-of-State-Investment-Banks-in-Tech-Change.pdf 1.31 MBGeddes-The-role-of-State-Investment-Banks-in-tech-innov-systems.pdf 289.01 KB
21st
Sep
2016

Wind farm portfolios

We model the financial performance of portfolios of wind farms located around Great Britain in the early 2020s.  We measure the expected annual profits and their variance as the measures of performance most relevant to investors (acknowledging that system operators need to respond to short-term variations in output).   The efficient frontiers contain relatively few stations (no more than four out of a possible fifteen), and the average portfolio has an efficiency of just 0.725.  The correlation between the efficiency of a portfolio measured with respect to annual output and with respect to annual profits is just 0.103.  Careful market analysis is needed if investors are to build optimal portfolios of wind stations.  

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How-large-should-a-portfolio-of-wind-farms-be.pdf 1.4 MBWind-portfolios.pdf 391.54 KB
20th
Sep
2012

Effectiveness of Feed-In Tariff Schemes for Solar PV: The Miracle Case of Italy

Mr Piergiorgio Chelucci, KEMA In the past two years PV technology has achieved an incredible expansion in the Italian electricity sector, with an astonishing 9GWp installed only in the past 12 months. Even more astonishing is that fact that according to GSE, the state owned company that promotes and supports renewables in Italy, PV installed capacity is projected to reach 15 GW by the end of 2012, a year-to-year increase of 20%. This success story started in 2005 with the introduction of the renewable incentive mechanism ‘Conto Energia’ (the feed-in premium scheme which provides a bonus to be paid on top of the market electricity price to the Photovoltaic generation), that was the main driver of this massive deployment of PV and the miraculous take-up of this support scheme (along with others like the all-inclusive feed-in tariff “tariffa omnicomprensiva”). Italy’s formidable case, in terms of the effectiveness of the available support schemes and responsiveness of the sector, is increasingly attracting the interest of policymakers and stakeholders in much of Europe and the rest of the world. The aim of this Read more…

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20th
Sep
2012

The implementation of biofuels in Oil Firms; Unlocking a path dependency and steering towards a more sustainable trajectory?

Mr Nelson Mojarro Gonzalez, SPRU, University of Sussex Biofuels can be used either as an additive or as a fuel substitute having different implications for oil firms. This paper focuses on the use of ethanol by oil firms and examines how and why ethanol has been employed by oil companies, and how this might lead to a (technological) shift in a historically path dependent technological system towards a potentially more sustainable trajectory. The article analyzes the case of the major Brazilian oil company, Petrobras and argues that after decades of complying the highest ethanol blending mandate in the world, the Brazilian oil firm, has until recently has until recently enter biofuel upstream activities, potentially unlocking its oil-only based path dependency. Oil firms are almost the sole providers of motor fuels and “the infrastructure necessary to provide fuels can be identified as a path dependent large technological system. This system has since the early 20th century employed the same raw material (crude oil) to produce its main process refining output, motor gasoline. The vast majority of oil firms in this system Read more…

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Unlocking-a-path-dependency-The-case-of-Brazilian-ethanol-implementation-in-Petrobras.pdf 1.21 MB
20th
Sep
2012

The Oil Companies’ Approach To Renewable Energy

Miss Ana Penha The research for this thesis, submitted in May 2009, focuses on the reasons for oil companies investing (or not) in renewable energy. During the research stage companies representative of the oil and gas (O&G) market were analyzed. The companies were selected from rankings performed by Petroleum Intelligence Weekly and Platts. The companies are: BP, Chevron, CNPC, ConocoPhillips, Eni, ExxonMobil, Gazprom, NIOC, PDVSA, Rosneft, Saudi Aramco, Shell, StatoilHydro and Total. Of these fourteen companies, ten accepted the invitation to participate in this study and provide invaluable information. This study has one distinctive difference from other previous published studies. In the past studies about oil companies’ strategies related to climate change have compared only the so called “western” companies such as BP, Shell and ExxonMobil. Furthermore, this study analyses the biggest oil companies independently from their location. This is more significant if we take into consideration the companies with more relevance in the market in terms of O&G reserves or production, for instance Saudi Aramco, NIOC or Gazprom. To sum up, climate change, energy security and business opportunity are Read more…

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The Oil Companies’ Approach To Renewable Energy - Paper.pdf 349 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

Modelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development

Mr Grant Allan, Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde Biofuels offer the possibility of serving most, if not all, of the four goals of Scottish energy policy (Scottish Government, 2009): reducing emissions; improving security of supply; improving accessibility to cheap fuels (particularly, perhaps, in remote rural areas); and offering scope for regional economic development potential. The extent to which economic development in the region is boosted is likely to depend upon the specific biofuels technology employed, and its embeddedness into the regional economy, noting any existing regional activity which is likely to be displaced by that fuel technology (if applicable). These issues can be considered within appropriately disaggregated regional Input-Output (IO) models, and have been incorporated in studies for ethanol and biodiesel technologies. Such studies show the regional economic link between changes in demand for biofuels in the region and economic variables. Such models however, typically employ conventional “demand-driven” IO models in linking changes in demand for a sectors output and regional output changes. In the specific case of (first-generation) biofuels, the assumptions underlying “demand-driven” models appear to be unsuitable, Read more…

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Modelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development - Paper.pdf 422.57 KBModelling the regional economic impacts of biofuels development - Presentation.pdf 780.63 KB
23rd
Sep
2010

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