Downloads / Energy security

Geo-economic Conflict between Russia and the EU over the Gas Market Regime

Mr Nikita  Odintsov, Charles University in Prague – Faculty of Social Sciences, Czech Republic Overview of Issue It has become commonplace to say that the gas trade between Russia and the European Union (EU) is characterized by interdependence. But, as the European Energy Strategy clearly shows, despite the strong economic rationale both actors have failed to achieve their mutual energy security (European Commission, 2015). My ongoing research aims to explain the economic underlying causes of the political conflict over the gas market regime and elaborate the so-called “energy security dilemma”, which was firstly introduced by (Monaghan, 2006). These issues will be addressed through the concept of geo-economics. Methodology From the methodological perspective, in order to explain the nature of the gas conflict between the EU and Russia this paper will use “explaining-outcome process-tracing” (Beach & Pedersen, 2013), which shall uncover mechanisms behind the energy security dilemma. This paper will show that the economic changes in the gas market have profound impact on political/institutional regimes that regulate the gas trade. These regulatory regimes influence the distribution of costs and benefits from the Read more…

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Odintsov-Geoeconomic-Conflict-between-Russia-and-EU.pdf 610.37 KBOdintsov-Geoeconomic-Conflict-between-Russia-and-the-EU.pdf 266.67 KB
21st
Sep
2016

Energy Barometer 2016

Deane Somerville, Knowledge Team Manager, Energy Institute The 2016 Energy Barometer Report captures insights from UK energy professionals and enables them to form the energy debate, policymakers, influencers, the industry and the public. Deane Somerville has worked in the Knowledge Team at the Energy Institute for the past three years, and has been involved in the development and production of the Energy Barometer as well as other Knowledge Service products. Prior to joining the EI, he worked in environmental consulting, focusing on contaminated site remediation. Academically, his background is in Geology as well as Energy and Environmental Technology. Deane is a Graduate member of the Energy Institute.  

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Energy_Barometer_2016-Somerville.pdf 1.35 MB
21st
Sep
2016

Transition to a Low Carbon Energy System and Energy Security- Synergies and Conflicts

Dr Bengt Johansson, FOI Daniel K Jonsson, FOI André Månsson, Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University Lars J Nilsson, Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University Måns Nilsson, Stockholm Environment Insitute To avoid severe consequences of climate change a transition to a low-carbon energy system will be required. Energy security will be affected by such a transition. In this paper, we summarise the findings from a three year long research project that investigates the synergies and conflicts between a transition to a low carbon energy systems and maintaining or increasing energy security. Energy security can be interpreted in several different ways. Our approach involves studying energy both as an object exposed to security threats, using concepts such as security of supply or security of demand, and the energy system as the subject in generating or enhancing insecurity and conflict (Johansson. 2013. Energy, 53, 199-205). The latter approach includes how energy can be used as a tool for achieving various political goals, how it could contribute to fuelling conflicts, and pose threats to food and environmental security. The transition to Read more…

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JohanssonetalTransitiontoalowcarbon.pdf 187.69 KB
18th
Sep
2014

A UK dash for ‘smart’ gas

Ms Samuela Bassi, Grantham Research Institute James Rydge, New Climate Economy Cheng Seong Khor, Petronas University Samuel Fankahuser, Grantham Research Institute Neil Hirst, Grantham Institute for Climate Change Bob Ward, Grantham Research Institute   This policy brief aims to provide some clarity about the future role of natural gas in UK electricity generation, including its implications for costs, energy security and the environment.   The analysis is based on a review of the most up-to-date and robust evidence about the opportunities and challenges presented by conventional and unconventional resources of natural gas. It takes into account the UK’s carbon constraints, international gas market dynamics, environmental impacts and technological progress. It explores to two key aspects which are influencing the debate about natural gas in the UK: an interest in a renewed ‘dash’ for gas-generated power, motivated by the belief that there will be an abundant future supply of natural gas which will offer a sustainable price advantage over other forms of electricity generation; and an interest in a ‘dash’ to exploit indigenous shale gas resources, motivated by the prospect of Read more…

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Bassi-A-UK-Dash-for-Smart-Gas1.pdf 888.52 KBBassi-A-UK-dash-for-smart-gas.pdf 1018.12 KB
18th
Sep
2014

Vertical integration in bio ethanol industry: security of supply and market access in fuel-ethanol value chain

Mr Jin Hooi Chan, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge The global bioethanol industry expands rapidly with an average growth rate of 15% annually during the last decade. In 2009, the production was 72.8 billion litres. About 80% was for transport fuel, contributed 5% of the world gasoline supply. This paper analysed the world top 20 producers and additional 20 regional/national firms, based on data collected from industry journals, company annual reports and website and business news reports. There are primarily six types of players, venturing into the production segment. These are oil & gas industry, giant commodity trading firms, technology suppliers including engineering and biotech, traditional food/alcohol processing,  farmers and farmers’ cooperative, and entrepreneurial start-up. A comparison has been done on the size of firm, competitive advantage, drivers and involvement  in the segments of the value chain. The production capacity expands rapidly amidst uncertainty in policy supports, stringent sustainability requirements, large fluctuation in production margins and threats of technological substitution. There is a trend of horizontal consolidation where big players increases their production capacities by new greenfield projects, expansion Read more…

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Vertical integration in bio ethanol industry - Paper.pdf 724.1 KB
22nd
Sep
2010

Energy security and climate change: Conflicting or complementary energy policy objectives?

Gordon MacKerron Raphael Sauter University of Sussex SPRU     Energy security and climate change have become core energy policy objectives. Despite arising conflicts both objectives have predominantly been framed as complementary in the policy debate. In the context of energy security potential policy trade-offs have mostly been discussed in relation to market liberalisation objectives and sufficient incentives for new investments. On the other hand, climate change policies and their costs have been discussed against economic competitiveness, growth and employment while often neglecting indirect benefits. The Stern report contributed to a certain shift in this perspective by highlighting the potential societal costs if no or insufficient action against rising GHG emissions is taken. The proposed paper aims to provide a better understanding of the potential trade-offs and synergies between energy security and climate protection as core energy policy objectives. For this purpose the paper will first present a theoretical and conceptual discussion of energy security and climate change policies and their potential linkages. Particular attention will be paid to trade-offs between climate adaptation and energy security policies which has been Read more…

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Energy-security-and-climate-change-conflicting-or-complementary-energy-policy-objectives-paper.pdf 65.3 KB
25th
Sep
2008

Market Reforms and Energy Security for the Poor in Developing Countries

Dr Judith Alazraque-Cherni, Imperial College London  Growing scrutiny of the impact of liberalisation policy on the electricity sector in developing countries has highlighted a lesser known aspect of market reforms by focusing on poor consumers and poorer areas. The paper indicates the incomplete and also contradictory character of the electricity market reforms for the poor and raises the question whether energy security for the poor is possible under this policy. Reforms were designed to increase access to affordable services by the poor; however, a growing body of studies indicates quite the opposite. This paper gives new insight into the conflicting effects of electricity market reforms showing generally adverse results for the poor by focusing on such aspects as access and supply in post and pre-reform times and disconnections and informal supply. It also explores the speed of post-reform electrification in relation to pre-reform electrification. Taking stock of the impact of liberalisation policies upon poor populations in developing countries after decades of implementation is necessary to reflect on future trends. Regional, national and local studies are used to obtain comparative information Read more…

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24th
Sep
2008

Exploring the Rationales for Relaxations in the UK Petroleum Fiscal Regime 1980-2000

Dr Hafez Abdo, Nottingham Trent University. The UK petroleum fiscal regime was established in 1975 and tightened up with a number of different new taxes up until 1981. The period 1983-2000 witnessed three petroleum tax relaxations. These took place in 1983, 1987-88, and 1993, and presented a clear change in the type of UK governance of its petroleum resources from a proprietorial to a non-proprietorial regime. This paper will explore and test the historical rationales for the three UK petroleum tax relaxations. The investigation of these rationales is based on three viewpoints: that of the Government, the UK oil industry, and academics. The tests of the rationales will measure the success of the Government petroleum policy which was based on using tax relaxations to stimulate oil and gas investments. This paper will be set in the context of the two broad alternatives (proprietorial and non-proprietorial) because the UK has, over time, come to use its fiscal regime more and more as a tool of intervention. This became particularly apparent from the 1980s onwards after the initial period of fiscal tightening which Read more…

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24th
Sep
2008

The Geopolitics of Energy Insecurity: the Challenge of Arctic Hydrocarbons for UK Policy

Dr Richard Powell, University of Liverpool. This paper explores the interrelations of climatic changes and energy security through the shifting geopolitics of the Circumpolar Arctic.  In doing so, the paper considers how Arctic hydrocarbons should be managed to meet UK policy goals of energy security and a low carbon economy. Given rapid climatic changes in the Arctic, the natural resources of the region are now being positioned as the ‘last energy frontier’.  At the same time, images of these environmental changes have circulated across numerous international media outlets, thus bringing the Arctic to the widespread attention of global publics.  This paper provides a geopolitical examination of these issues. According to the Arctic Council’s ‘Arctic Oil and Gas 2007′ assessment, published in Tromsö, Norway in January 2008, the Arctic region contains over 5% of known global oil reserves and over 20% of known global reserves of natural gas (AMAP, 2008).  Most of these known reserves are in the Russian Arctic (AMAP, 2008).  More importantly, the USGS (2000) estimates that the Arctic contains 25% of global undiscovered hydrocarbon reserves.  Although this figure has Read more…

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24th
Sep
2008

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