Downloads / Academic Papers

Experimenting with Heat Plans to discover how to help businesses and governments harness energy services to build an energy system people will want to pay for

Matthew Lipson, Energy Systems Catapult There is a growing consensus that we need to put consumers at the heart of the energy system if we are to transform it successfully. Standard consumer research is instructive, but struggles to guide the complex choices that need to be made about the future energy system. For instance, what combination of generation and storage should we build where, what networks should we invest in and how much capacity should we build? People do not know exactly what they want and cannot say which they will prefer of futures they can barely imagine. The decisions made will constrain how people can use energy in their lives every day. The networks built to heat buildings in each area will influence how many households have to insulate their homes and install hot water tanks to get comfortable and clean as conveniently as they can today.The amount of capacity built will determine whether everyone can use electricity when they like, or some will have to go without at peak times.</p><p>Consumer choices have helped guide similar decisions in other Read more…

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Lipson-Experimenting-with-heat-plans-to-discover-how-to-help-busninesses1.pdf 176.49 KBLipson-Experimenting-with-Heat-Plans.pptx 17.38 MB
19th
Sep
2018

BEIS Heat Networks Consumer Survey

Philip Cole, BEIS The Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) are supporing investment in heat networks as a means of decarbonising heating. Heat Networks provide heat to multiple properties in a single building, or to multiple buildings via pipes from a central heat source. Heat networks are heat agnostic and therefore can take heat from a range of renewable sources. This is a small but growing market in the UK and is currently unregulated (unlike the rest of the heat and energy market) with no access to the energy ombudsman. This means that consumers living on heat networks have less protection. Little was known about heat network consumers with only anecdotal evidence of consumer detriment available. Therefore in December 2016 BEIS commissioned a large scale quantitative research project to give a representative picture of consumer experiences. The Heat Networks Consumer Survey (HNCS) consisted of a postal survey of heat networks consumers and a matched comparison sample from the general population. There is little data on heat network consumers and therefore the sample selection involved matching a number of Read more…

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Cole_Heat-Networks-Consumer-survey.pptx 3.61 MBCole-P-HNCS_Executive_Summary_-_FINAL.pdf 93.37 KB
19th
Sep
2018

The use of consumer data for optimizing smart grids for electricity and district heating

Carl Dalhammar, Lund University The Smart Cities Accelerator (SCA) project is an InterReg project that involves a number of Swedish and Danish municipalities and universities. The Malmö and Lund municipalities in Sweden are among the project partners. The aims are to develop new local smart grid solutions, and optimize current grids for district heating and electricity. The context of Sweden and Denmark is unique, for several reasons. The Nordic countries established one of the first common electricity markets, and this was accomplished despite the fact that the Nordic countries have quite different electricity mixes and quite different support schemes for renewables.  Both Sweden and Denmark have a very high share of district heating in the energy mix. The Swedish heating market, as a whole, has a net heat demand of around 100 TWh per year, whereof district heating covers around 50%. It dominates the business to business segment with over 90% of the market share for multi dwelling buildings and around 80% of the market share for non-residential buildings. One of the issues to be investigated in the project concerns Read more…

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dalhammar-hjarne-use-consumer-data.pptx 800.93 KBDalhammar-Use-of-consumer-data-for-optomizing-smart-grids-for-electricity-and-district-heating.pdf 1.25 MB
19th
Sep
2018

The role of utilities in enabling prosumers and flexible distributed energy resources

Daniel Quiggin, Chatham House This paper explores how utilities could transform as the electricity system undergoes a second phase of transformations and the business models they could develop. The main focus will be on the role existing power companies could play in enabling distributed energy resources (DERs) and prosumers to participate in an increasingly flexible electricity system, via energy service platforms. The electricity sector is experiencing a deep and profound disruptive shock, the effect is most obvious in Australia, the EU-28 and parts of North America, where once powerful utility companies are struggling in the current market and many are restructuring to survive. Three major factors define this phase of transformational changes: renewable deployment, slower than expected demand growth and in many jurisdictions, market reform. Whilst many utilities are now beginning to respond to the structural shifts embedded within the electricity systems they operate, it is becoming apparent that a second phase of transformational shifts is around the corner. This second phase is intimately linked to the first phase and is likely to have greater transformational impacts, amplifying the impacts Read more…

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Quiggin-The-role-of-utilities-in-enabling-prosumers-and-flexible-distributed-energy-resources.pptx 1.39 MBQuiggin-The-role-of-utilities-in-enabling-prosumers-and-flexible-distributed-energy-resources.pdf 809.02 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Continuity and Disruption in UK Energy System Change: Mapping Expert Differences – and Understanding their Implications

Mike Kattirtz, University of Edinburgh Energy systems globally are undergoing dramatic changes, and many observers anticipate accelerated changes in the years ahead. The changes are being driven by a combination of high-level national and international policy agreements, as well as more bottom-up, insurgent changes in the cost and performance of energy technologies (supply, storage and use) and also changing consumer behaviours and social practices. Less visibly, energy systems also exhibit strong elements of continuity, in terms of the renewal, extension and repurposing of existing technical infrastructures and institutions. This pattern of both disruptive and continuity-based change, which is particularly evident in the UK energy system, is reflected in energy experts’ varied prescriptions for energy system change. As a result, there are multiple working definitions of the energy system change and system integration, with many questions and uncertainties about future pathways such as the extent of system rescaling, the key public and private agents of change and the extent to which consumers and citizens are likely to play a significant role in driving change. In their review of energy scenarios, McDowall Read more…

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Kattirzi-Continuity-and-disruption-in-UK-energy-system-change.pptx 4.33 MBKattiritz-Continuity-and-disruption-in-UK-energy-sytem-change.pdf 973.16 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Unlocking the benefits to end consumers

Nicholas Rubin, ELEXON Ltd ELEXON recognises that how electricity is used is radically changing and that end consumers are being presented with more and more opportunities to actively manage their energy consumption and/or production. We recognise that the energy market (including central industry systems and processes) that facilitates this active participation will need to radically change too. A commitment to decarbonise the economy and developments in disrupting and decentralised technology, services and business models, amongst other things, is driving a great pace of change in the way electricity is produced and consumed. Whilst innovation in technology and service provision unlocks opportunities in the home, it is also unlocking opportunities that are making it a reality for smaller and smaller customers (including domestic customers) and businesses to actively participate at the heart of the electricity system, and provide services to each other and other actors across the system, in existing and new markets. On the one hand, these services might simply be based on the provision of smart meters to allow consumers to better manage their use, smart time of use Read more…

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Rubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-consumers-0918-v1.0.pptx 2.16 MBRubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-end-consumers1.pdf 319.46 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Exploring socioeconomic and temporal characteristics of British and German residential energy demand

Russell McKenna, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology The British and German residential sectors account for similar fractions of national energy demand and carbon emissions. But they also exhibit underlying differences in the building stock, fuel split, tenure and household behaviour. Notable are dissimilarities in the age, size and spatial distribution of residential buildings, for example, as well as the German prevalence of renting, compared to British aspirations to climb the “property ladder”. The temporal habits in British and German households are also quite different, which is challenging to measure due to the paucity of German smart meter data. This contribution takes this background as a starting point to explore some of the temporal and socioeconomic characteristics of residential energy demand in Britain and Germany, by combining three main areas of work. Firstly, an overview of existing research into the socioeconomic and temporal characteristics residential energy demand is given, with a particular focus on employing time-use and smart meter data to this end. Secondly, the wealth of smart meter data available in the UK is employed to provide insights into the habits Read more…

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McKenna-et-al-Exploring-socio-economic-and-temporal-charactersitics-of-British-and-German-Residential-energy-demand.pdf 441.5 KBMcKenna-et-al_BIEE-outline_180919.pptx 4.24 MB
19th
Sep
2018

Diversity behind the meter – machine learning from household activities

Phil Grunewald, University of Oxford, Environmental Change Institute As the conference theme states, consumers use energy “without knowing or wanting to know much about how energy is being delivered to them”. For consumers to genuinely move to the ‘heart of the energy system’, the reverse disconnect may also need to be addressed: generators and suppliers of energy know surprisingly little about what their customers need this energy for. This two-way gap in knowledge is becoming more problematic in low carbon systems, where the timing and flexibility of demand is critical [“Smart Power”. National Infrastructure Commission. 2016]. We present data from the first study of its kind exploring at scale what happens behind the meter, not just in terms of appliance use, but the actual activities that give rise to times of high or low consumption. A better understanding of these dynamics is important to develop more consumer focussed business models that reflect the significant diversity in usage patterns and their flexibility. Time-use data has become widespread in attempts to better understand and model energy use [CREST Model. I. Richardson 2007, Read more…

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Grunewald-diversity-beyond-the-meter-machine-learning-from-household-activities.pdf 612.7 KBGrunewald-DiversityBehindTheMeter_BIEE.pptx 9.18 MB
19th
Sep
2018

Do consumers want the new business models we can offer?

Dr Stephen Hall, University of Leeds Overview and relevance The electric utility business model is facing multiple challenges and must evolve to survive in all low carbon futures. The Utility 2050 project explores this evolution by testing crowd-sourced future utility business models against economic, policy, technological, and consumer criteria. This work explores the consumer responses to six possible future utility business models. Peer to peer energy contracts, multi utility smart home, energy service contracting, and home electrification business models are all technically possible, and each can access new financial values created by low carbon futures. However any utility business model innovation that does not take close account of consumer sentiment is doomed to fail, and may affect trust across the market. In spite of the maturity of competitive supply markets and switching in the UK, we have almost no data on how consumers view possible future switching options. This work explores consumer responses to innovative business models in arguably the most important energy decision consumers make, their choices when switching supplier. Methodology We crowed sourced six potential future utility business Read more…

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Hall-Do-Consumers-want-the-new-business-models-we-can-offer.pptx 1.69 MB
19th
Sep
2018

Energy entrepreneurship business models innovation: insights from European emerging firms

Michael Hamwi, ESTIA The power sector stands at the edge of a transition phase in which the liberalization of energy markets has paved the way for a new set of actors to get involved and develop new business models. The emerging businesses seem to have a different logic than the centralized, large-scale and fossil fuel based energy utilities (Hannon et al., 2013). Energy entrepreneurs promote clean energy technologies and create innovative business models that associate commercial benefits and sustainability aspects. However, the process of finding out the appropriate business models poses challenges to new market actors, researchers and policy makers. In this regard, we explore how new entrepreneurs in the energy business sector create and capture value from innovative business models based on existing technologies. Several studies have examined the topic, (Richter, 2013a) has examined the emerging business models of energy utility, (Huijben and Verbong, 2013; Wainstein and Bumpus, 2016) outline the commercial firms and social initiatives. However, the senses on entrepreneurship was often absent. In addition, the major part of the literature is focusing mainly on energy efficiency or Read more…

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HAMWI_Energy_entrepreneurship_business_model_innovation.pptx 1.42 MBHamwi-Energy-entrepreneurship-business-model-innovation-insights-from-European-emerging-firms.pdf 616.29 KB
19th
Sep
2018

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