Downloads / Smart Energy

The use of consumer data for optimizing smart grids for electricity and district heating

Carl Dalhammar, Lund University The Smart Cities Accelerator (SCA) project is an InterReg project that involves a number of Swedish and Danish municipalities and universities. The Malmö and Lund municipalities in Sweden are among the project partners. The aims are to develop new local smart grid solutions, and optimize current grids for district heating and electricity. The context of Sweden and Denmark is unique, for several reasons. The Nordic countries established one of the first common electricity markets, and this was accomplished despite the fact that the Nordic countries have quite different electricity mixes and quite different support schemes for renewables.  Both Sweden and Denmark have a very high share of district heating in the energy mix. The Swedish heating market, as a whole, has a net heat demand of around 100 TWh per year, whereof district heating covers around 50%. It dominates the business to business segment with over 90% of the market share for multi dwelling buildings and around 80% of the market share for non-residential buildings. One of the issues to be investigated in the project concerns Read more…

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dalhammar-hjarne-use-consumer-data.pptx 800.93 KBDalhammar-Use-of-consumer-data-for-optomizing-smart-grids-for-electricity-and-district-heating.pdf 1.25 MB
19th
Sep
2018

Continuity and Disruption in UK Energy System Change: Mapping Expert Differences – and Understanding their Implications

Mike Kattirtz, University of Edinburgh Energy systems globally are undergoing dramatic changes, and many observers anticipate accelerated changes in the years ahead. The changes are being driven by a combination of high-level national and international policy agreements, as well as more bottom-up, insurgent changes in the cost and performance of energy technologies (supply, storage and use) and also changing consumer behaviours and social practices. Less visibly, energy systems also exhibit strong elements of continuity, in terms of the renewal, extension and repurposing of existing technical infrastructures and institutions. This pattern of both disruptive and continuity-based change, which is particularly evident in the UK energy system, is reflected in energy experts’ varied prescriptions for energy system change. As a result, there are multiple working definitions of the energy system change and system integration, with many questions and uncertainties about future pathways such as the extent of system rescaling, the key public and private agents of change and the extent to which consumers and citizens are likely to play a significant role in driving change. In their review of energy scenarios, McDowall Read more…

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Kattirzi-Continuity-and-disruption-in-UK-energy-system-change.pptx 4.33 MBKattiritz-Continuity-and-disruption-in-UK-energy-sytem-change.pdf 973.16 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Unlocking the benefits to end consumers

Nicholas Rubin, ELEXON Ltd ELEXON recognises that how electricity is used is radically changing and that end consumers are being presented with more and more opportunities to actively manage their energy consumption and/or production. We recognise that the energy market (including central industry systems and processes) that facilitates this active participation will need to radically change too. A commitment to decarbonise the economy and developments in disrupting and decentralised technology, services and business models, amongst other things, is driving a great pace of change in the way electricity is produced and consumed. Whilst innovation in technology and service provision unlocks opportunities in the home, it is also unlocking opportunities that are making it a reality for smaller and smaller customers (including domestic customers) and businesses to actively participate at the heart of the electricity system, and provide services to each other and other actors across the system, in existing and new markets. On the one hand, these services might simply be based on the provision of smart meters to allow consumers to better manage their use, smart time of use Read more…

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Rubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-consumers-0918-v1.0.pptx 2.16 MBRubin-Unlocking-the-benefits-to-end-consumers1.pdf 319.46 KB
19th
Sep
2018

Integrating prosumers into the electricity grid: the interplay between technology and people

Yael Parag. Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya In the era of renewable and decentralized energy systems, prosumers are becoming crucial as they provide a set of valuable prosuming services to the grid. These services include not only microgeneration (Megawatts), but also demand reduction (Negawatts), load shifting (Flexiwatss) and energy storage (Storewatts). How to best integrate, harness and maximize these services for the benefit of society and the prosumers themselves remains a challenge. For many years policymakers focused on energy saving and promoted Negawatts via raising consumer awareness to their energy consumption. Millions have been invested in developing and distributing sophisticated energy monitors and displays, smartphone apps, websites and calculators. Behavioral economic insights, such as comparison to others or to previous consumption, have been widely applied to energy bills. These immense efforts resulted in various levels of energy savings, many of which were not sustained over time and often relied on consumers’ pro-environmental values. At the same time, appliance efficiency improved dramatically due to regulation and market transformation, resulting in longer lasting yet nearly effortless (behavior-wise) savings. In the future it is Read more…

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parag-Integrating-prosumers-into-the-electricity-grid.pptx 4.65 MBParag-Integrating-prosumers-into-the-electricity-grid.pdf 352.75 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Causal Tree Estimation of Heterogeneous Household Response to Time-Of-Use Electricity Pricing Schemes

Eoghan O’Neill, University of Cambridge In this paper, we apply some recently developed methods for describing the heterogeneity of treatment effects to an electricity smart metering trial dataset. We use these methods to investigate how household demand response to Time of Use (TOU) electricity pricing schemes varies with survey variables and past consumption data. There is a need to better understand the distributional implications of energy policies. For example, the impact of TOU tariffs on households depends upon how they currently use electricity, their ability to allocate demand to off-peak periods and the specific structure of the tariffs. Consumers in different socioeconomic groups, with different incomes or behavioural characteristics may react in different ways to the introduction of TOU tariffs. Similarly, customers with distinct historical intra-day load profiles, will respond differently to the introduction of tariffs that charge different prices for electricity at different times of the day. Household electricity demand response is an example of a policy-relevant application where tree based methods for describing heterogeneity are appealing. A report produced by the Centre for Sustainable Energy for Ofgem (CSE Read more…

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ONeill_Causal-Tree-Estimation-of-Heterogeneous-Household-Response.pptx 2.45 MBONeil-Causal-tree-estimation-of-heterogenerous-household-response-to-time-of-use-electricity-pricing-schemes.pdf 1.13 MB
18th
Sep
2018

Energy cooperatives: a missing piece of the peer-to-peer energy regulation puzzle?

Alexandra Schneiders, UCL Energy Institute, University College London Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, often facilitated through distributed ledgers (‘blockchains’), is emerging as a new mechanism for settling exchanges of energy between renewable energy generators and consumers, as well as matching local supply and demand. It is currently being tested in urban areas, where there are fewer renewable energy installations due to space constraints. The sharing of energy generated by a single installation (e.g. solar panels on the roof of a tower block) between residents, through a P2P blockchain-run energy trading platform, can tackle the disparity in renewable energy generation across the UK. Furthermore, grouping residents into a single legal entity, such as an energy cooperative, could resolve regulatory problems associated with P2P energy trading- such as the legal recognition of prosumers acting as consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as the validity of ‘smart contracts’ programmed to trade energy on the platform. Energy cooperatives are popular in European countries such as Denmark and Germany, where they benefit from government support. The situation is different in the United Kingdom, where energy cooperatives are Read more…

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Schneiders-Energy-Cooperatives-A-Missing-Piece-of-the-P2P-Energy-Regulation-Puzzle.pptx 1.44 MBSchneiders-Energy-cooperatives-a-missing-piece-of-the-peer-to-peer-energy-regulation-puzzle.pdf 460.95 KB
18th
Sep
2018

From Airbnb to Solar: Toward a Transaction Cost Model of a Retail Electricity Distribution Platform

Lynne Kiesling, Purdue University Digitalization, decentralization, and decarbonization are economic factors poised to disrupt many aspects of the utility business model. The International Energy Agency’s recent (2017) report on digitalization in energy suggests that digital smart grid technologies have already changed operations in the electricity industry, and that further advances in consumer-facing devices and systems and in data analytics will bring about a more decentralized, automated, and thus transactive energy system. At the same time, unprecedented reductions have occurred in the costs of solar photovoltaic modules, and digital “smart” inverters have developed – in the United States, for example, in the first quarter of 2017 utility-scale solar costs fell by 30 percent compared to Q1 2016, commercial-scale solar costs fell by 15 percent, and residential-scale solar costs fell by 6 percent (Fu et. al. NREL 2017). These innovations catalyze the move toward a more decentralized, customer-focused electricity system in which consumers can also be producers, and can change roles based on market conditions. One possible evolution of the distribution utility business model in light of these factors is a market Read more…

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Kiesling-Airbnb-solar-BIEE.pptx 9.67 MBKiesling-From-AirBNB-to-solar-toward-transaction-cost-model-of-retail-electricity-distribution-platform.pdf 556.91 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Motivating energy conservation in organisations: Smart metering and the emergence and diffusion of social norms

Peter Bradley, University of the West of England Around the world there is strong interest in the use of energy feedback via smart metering technology as a mitigation option for businesses to reduce their energy use and mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs).   A number of relevant early studies have looked at energy feedback in an organizational setting.  In order to bring about energy reductions, feedback provided needs to motivate changes in energy behaviours and practices within organisations. Social norms sometimes act as an extrinsic motivation for behaviours around particular energy services, particularly in a group setting.  The majority of studies that have looked at social norms and energy related behaviours tend to only pick up on the role of injunctive (subjective) norms – driven by a view of what is socially acceptable – and not descriptive norms also – based on the perception of other peoples’ actions; and generally there are relatively few organisation based studies.  The literature identifies that more research linking social influence mechanisms to behaviour change are needed; few field studies have looked at social norms and social Read more…

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Bradley-motivating-energy-conservation-in-organisations.pptx 841.12 KBBradley-motivating-energy-conservation-in-organistations.pdf 872.43 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Swarm demand response: virtual storage by small consumers

Joachim Geske, Imperial College Business School Overview + Relevance Energy storage and demand response (DR) are options for coping with the rising share of intermittent renewable generation. Most existing DR comes from heavy industry shifting a few large loads. Could small consumers also be motivated to shift their consumption? If many consumers are willing to shift small loads by a few minutes, and this issmartly coordinated, Swarm demand response (sDR) might have a lot of potential as a form of virtual storage.< With sDR, electrical devices delay or interrupt operation according to user preferences and market price signals. A higher share of load could be shifted by a short time of 5 minutes, but some might be shifted for longer (e.g. 30 minutes) without any costs or inconveniences. After this initial delay, other members of the swarm take over, building up a chain of short load shifts. We ask whether this could be equivalent to conventional longer term storage. If the chain breaks when successors are not willing to shift their loads in turn, this could produce abrupt jumps in Read more…

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Geske-Green-Swarm-demand-response.pptx 3.93 MBGeske-Green-Swarm-demand-resoponse.pdf 609.58 KB
18th
Sep
2018

Downloads Archive

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